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    Cramp Balls (Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum)

    Source: Wikipedia

    Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum
    Scientific classification Edit this classification
    Domain: Eukaryota
    Kingdom: Fungi
    Division: Ascomycota
    Class: Sordariomycetes
    Order: Xylariales
    Family: Xylariaceae
    Genus: Annulohypoxylon
    Species:
    A. thouarsianum
    Binomial name
    Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum
    (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh
    Synonyms
    • Hypoxylon africanum Van der Byl
    • Hypoxylon thouarsianum var. gilletianum (Sacc.) J.H. Mill.
    • Daldinia thouarsiana (Lév.) Sacc.
    • Hypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.) Lloyd
    • Hypoxylon thouarsianum var. macrosporum F. San Martín, Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers
    • Sphaeria thouarsiana Lév.
    • Hypoxylon amaniense Henn.
    • Hemisphaeria thouarsiana (Lév.) Kuntze
    • Hypoxylon gilletianum Sacc.
    • Daldinia malleola (Berk. & Ravenel) Kauffman
    • Hypoxylon malleolus Berk. & Ravenel
    • Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum var. macrosporum (F. San Martín, Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh
    • Hypoxylon occidentale Ellis & Everh.

    Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum is a species of ascomycete fungus.[1]

    Description

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    The species grows on the bark of decaying hardwood trees. Its fruiting body is sessile, and ranges from 1 to 5 centimetres (12 to 2 in) wide.[2] The surface of the fruiting body is dark brown or black and has a rough texture due to the high number of perithecia.[3]

    Similar species

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    Various other Annulohypoxylon species are similar, as is Daldinia childiae. Species of Jackrogersella, Rosellinia, and Nemania have fewer bumps.[2]

    Distribution

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    Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum is most commonly found along the United States' West Coast, in the Eastern U.S., and in Mexico.[4]

    Taxonomy

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    The species was moved from the genus Hypoxylon to Annulohypoxylon in 2005.[5] The following varieties are recognized:[4]

    • A. t. macrosporum
    • A. t. thouarsianum

    References

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    1. ^ "Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
    2. ^ a b Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
    3. ^ Stevens, Michael Wood & Fred. "California Fungi: Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum". www.mykoweb.com. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
    4. ^ a b "Cramp Balls (Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
    5. ^ Hsieh, Huei-Mei; Ju, Yu-Ming; Rogers, Jack D. (2005-09-01). "Molecular phylogeny of Hypoxylon and closely related genera". Mycologia. 97 (4): 844–865. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832776. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 16457354. S2CID 218587618.