Source: Wikipedia
| Cardinalfishes Temporal range:
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| Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Suborder: | Apogonoidei |
| Family: | Apogonidae Günther, 1859 |
| Subfamilies | |
Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few (notably Glossamia) are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in aquariums and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.
They are generally small fish, with most species being less than 10 cm (4 in), and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the dorsal fin into two separate fins. Most species live in tropical or subtropical waters, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.[1]
They are nocturnal, spending the day in dark crevices within the reef. At least some species brood their eggs inside the mouths of the males.[1] Males do not feed during this incubation period. Males incubate the eggs in their mouth due to having longer heads and a larger jaw, which females do not acquire.[2]
Classification
[edit]Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes recognises four subfamilies of the Apogonidae:[3][4][5]
- Subfamily Amioidinae Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014
- Amioides H.M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
- Holapogon T. H. Fraser, 1973
- Subfamily Apogoninae Günther, 1859
- Apogon Lacépède, 1801
- Apogonichthyoides J.L.B. Smith, 1949
- Apogonichthys Bleeker, 1854
- Archamia T.N. Gill, 1863
- Astrapogon Fowler, 1907
- Cercamia J. E. Randall & C. L. Smith, 1988
- Cheilodipterus Lacépède, 1801
- Fibramia T. H. Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014 [6]
- Foa D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1905
- Fowleria D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1905
- Glossamia T.N. Gill, 1863
- Jaydia J. L. B. Smith, 1961
- Lachneratus T. H. Fraser & Struhsaker, 1991
- Lepidamia T. N. Gill, 1863
- Neamia H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
- Nectamia D. S. Jordan, 1917
- Ostorhinchus Lacépède, 1802
- Paroncheilus J. L. B. Smith, 1964
- Phaeoptyx T. H. Fraser & C. R. Robins, 1970
- Pristiapogon Klunzinger, 1870
- Pristicon T. H. Fraser, 1972
- Pterapogon Koumans, 1933
- Rhabdamia KoumansM. C. W. Weber, 1909
- Siphamia M. C. W. Weber, 1909
- Sphaeramia Fowler & B. A. Bean, 1930
- Taeniamia T. H. Fraser, 2013
- Verulux T. H. Fraser, 1972
- Vincentia Castelnau, 1872
- Xeniamia T. H. Fraser & Prokofiev, 2016[7]
- Yarica Whitley 1930
- Zapogon T. H. Fraser, 1972
- Zoramia D. S. Jordan, 1917
- Subfamily Paxtoninae Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014
- Paxton C. C. Baldwin & G. D. Johnson, 1999
- Subfamily Pseudaminae Smith, 1954
- Gymnapogon Regan, 1905
- Pseudamia Bleeker, 1865
- Pseudamiops J. L. B. Smith, 1954
Fossil genera
[edit]
The following fossil genera are also placed here:[8]
- Genus †Eosphaeramia Sorbini, 1983
- Genus †Eritima Jordan & Gilbert, 1919[9]
- Genus †Eosphaeramia Sorbini, 1983
- Genus †Leptolumamia Bannikov & Fraser, 2016
- Subfamily Apogoninae
- Tribe †Eoapogonini Bannikov, 2005[10]
- Genus †Arconiapogon Marrama, Giusberti & Carnevale, 2022
- Genus †Apogoniscus Bannikov, 2005
- Genus †Bolcapogon Bannikov, 2005
- Genus †Eoapogon Bannikov, 2005
- Tribe †Eoapogonini Bannikov, 2005[10]
- Subfamily Pseudaminae[10]
- Genus †Oligopseudamia Marrama, Giusberti & Carnevale, 2022
Fossil otoliths assigned to the otolith-based genus Apogonidarum are known from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India and North Dakota, USA. If of apogonids, these represent the oldest record of the group.[11]
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apogonidae.
- ^ a b Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Hoey, A., Bellwood, D., & Barnett, A. (2012). To feed or to breed: Morphological constraints of mouthbrooding in coral reef cardinalfishes. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 279(1737), 2426–2432.
- ^ Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ^ "CAS - Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes". researcharchive.calacademy.org. Retrieved 2025-03-15.
- ^ Mabuchi, Kohji; Fraser, Thomas H.; Song, Hayeun; Azuma, Yoichiro; Nishida, Mutsumi (2014-08-01). "Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters". Zootaxa. 3846 (2): 151–203. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ Mabuchi, K., Fraser, T.H., Song, H., Azuma, Y. & Nishida, M. (2014): Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3846 (2): 151–203.
- ^ Fraser, T.H. & Prokofiev, A.M. (2016): A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not? Zootaxa, 4144 (2): 227–242.
- ^ "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2025-03-29.
- ^ California Academy of Sciences (1890). Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco : California Academy of Sciences.
- ^ a b Marrama', Giuseppe; Giusberti, Luca; Carnevale, Giorgio (2022-04-28). "A RUPELIAN CORAL REEF FISH ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE VENETIAN SOUTHERN ALPS (BERICI HILLS, NE ITALY)". RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA. 128 (2). doi:10.54103/2039-4942/16601. ISSN 2039-4942.
- ^ Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024-04-18). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. ISSN 0079-032X.
External links
[edit]- Smith, J.L.B. (1961): "Fishes of the family Apogonidae of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea". Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 22. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Hoey, A., Bellwood, D., & Barnett, A. (2012). To feed or to breed: Morphological constraints of mouthbrooding in coral reef cardinalfishes. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 279(1737), 2426–2432.
Non-endemic fish of New Zealand | ||
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| Non-endemic marine fish in NZ |
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