From Wikipedia
Open on Wikipedia
| Rufous-naped greenlet | |
|---|---|
_(28231647886).jpg)
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Vireonidae |
| Genus: | Pachysylvia |
| Species: | P. semibrunnea
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pachysylvia semibrunnea (Lafresnaye, 1845)
| |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Hylophilus semi-brunneus | |
The rufous-naped greenlet (Pachysylvia semibrunnea) is a species of bird in the family Vireonidae, the vireos, greenlets, and shrike-babblers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]The rufous-naped greenlet was originally described in 1845 as Hylophilus semi-brunneus.[3]
The rufous-naped greenlet is monotypic.[2] In the early twentieth century it was treated as a subspecies of the golden-fronted greenlet (P. aurantiifrons). The two are sister species and form a superspecies.[4]
Description
[edit]The rufous-naped greenlet is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long and weighs about 10 to 12.5 g (0.35 to 0.44 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a rich rufous crown, nape, and ear coverts. Their lores, the area around their eyes, and their "moustache" are grizzled grayish white. Their upperparts are olive-green. Their wings' coverts are olive-green with paler edges. Their flight feathers and tail are dusky green with olive-green edges. Their throat is whitish, their breast is yellowish white with a rufous-tinged band on its upper part, and their belly, flanks, vent, and undertail coverts are pale yellowish. They have a dark iris, a pink bill, and leaden blue legs and feet.[5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The rufous-naped greenlet has a disjunct distribution. It is found in the Serranía del Perijá on the Colombia/Venezuela border and a bit east into Zulia from there. It is found intermittently along all three ranges of the Colombian Andes though mostly in the eastern range.[5] Its range also includes sites in northern Ecuador's Napo Province.[5][6] The rufous-naped greenlet inhabits the interior and edges of primary and secondary forest in the upper foothill and lower subtropical zones. It also occurs in shade coffee plantations.[5] In elevation it ranges between 450 and 2,000 m (1,500 and 6,600 ft) in Venezuela, between 1,000 and 2,800 m (3,300 and 9,200 ft) in Colombia, and between 900 and 1,400 m (3,000 and 4,600 ft) in Ecuador.[7][8][6]
Behavior
[edit]Movement
[edit]The rufous-naped greenlet is believed to be a year-round resident.[5]
Feeding
[edit]The rufous-naped greenlet's diet has not been fully examined but is known to include insects. It feeds actively from the forest's mid-story to its crown, often hanging upside-down to glean prey from leaves. It usually forages singly, in pairs, or in small family groups and frequently joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It has been observed attending army ant swarms.[5]
Breeding
[edit]The rufous-naped greenlet's breeding season appears to span from February to July. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.[5]
Vocalization
[edit]One description of the rufous-naped greenlet's song is "a repeated, fast cheedodoweédidideét".[6] Its call is "a descending series of 3-5 loud, harsh, scolding notes".[5]
Status
[edit]The IUCN has assessed the rufous-naped greenlet as being of Least Concern. It has a restricted range; its population size is not known and is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is known from "numerous specimens" in Venezuela, considered "fairly common" in Colombia, and is "uncommon and local" in Ecuador.[7][8][6] The rufous-naped greenlet is found in a few protected areas and "has a medium sensitivity to human disturbance".[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Rufous-naped Greenlet Pachysylvia semibrunnea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22705306A130389148. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22705306A130389148.en. Retrieved 22 November 2025.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (March 2025). "Vireos, shrike-babblers". IOC World Bird List. v 15.1. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
- ^ de Lafresnaye, Frédéric (1845). "Mélánges ornithologiques". Revue zoologique (in Latin and French). Société cuvierienne: 341–342. Retrieved November 22, 2025.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, D. F. Lane, L, N. Naka, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 29 September 2025. A classification of the bird species of South America. South American Classification Committee associated with the International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved September 29, 2025
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Slager, D. L. (2020). Rufous-naped Greenlet (Pachysylvia semibrunnea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rungre1.01 retrieved November 20, 2025
- ^ a b c d Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 569. ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
- ^ a b Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela (second ed.). Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 681.
- ^ a b McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.